For example, if you are reading Mark Twain’s classic Huckleberry Finn, you might consider choosing Huck or the runaway slave, Jim, because they are dynamic characters who show a wide range of emotion, who often act in unpredictable ways, and who move the plot forward with their actions. It might be less effective to choose the duke or the king, the tricksters Huck and Jim meet in Arkansas, because they have fairly minor roles in the story, they don’t show a wide range of emotions, and, more than anything, they’re simply stock characters (the story needs a humorous detour and a way for Jim and Huck to be separated, so that Huck can have his infamous All right, then, I’ll go to hell! moment, and the duke and the king fulfill that role).

How does the author describe them? For the Huck Finn example, you might think about how Huck is described as a backwoods boy, but he clearly wrestles with larger issues that have complex social implications - like slavery and religion. What kinds of relationships does your character have with other characters? Think about how Huck relates to runaway slave Jim, both in the beginning of the novel and at the end. Think about Huck’s relationship with his drunk, abusive father and how it shaped his identity. How do the actions of your character move the plot forward? Huck is the main character, so obviously his actions are important. But what, specifically, is special about the way Huck acts? How does he make different decisions than someone else in the same situation might? You could talk about how Huck decides to rescue Jim from the people who intend to return him to his owner because he decides that slavery is wrong, even though this idea contradicts everything society has taught him. What struggles does your character encounter? Think about how Huck grows and learns throughout the story. In the beginning, he is more likely to get caught up in schemes (like faking his own death); but later on, he avoids the trickery he observes (like when he tries to ditch the deceptive duke and king).

You can also keep a notebook handy while you’re reading to help you keep track of your thoughts about the character as you read.

For the Huck Finn example, you might choose something about the hypocrisy of civilized society since, in essence, the novel is about a boy who was brought up to support enslaving blacks, but decides, through his experiences with Jim on the river, to value Jim as a person and a friend rather than just as a slave. Similarly, Huck’s own father captures and “enslaves” Huck, a situation that Huck eventually escapes and mirrors Jim’s own quest for freedom. Society views Huck’s escape as moral and just, but Jim’s escape is a terrible crime to the townspeople. In this contradiction lies a major crux of the story.

An outline will help keep your thoughts organized and maintain an effective flow as you move through the analysis.

Your introduction should provide the topic of your analysis, enough background information to inform and intrigue your reader, and your thesis idea/claim.

Think about Huck’s ragged clothes and what that says about his character. Discuss how Huck dresses up like a little girl to find out the news in town and how this altered appearance influences your analysis of Huck.

Discuss Huck’s relationship with his father and with the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, who take him in. How do these characters influence Huck’s development? The contrast between Huck’s alcoholic father and the conservative ladies who care for Huck later is an interesting continuum of social behavior to analyze and consider where Huck’s own beliefs/actions fall on that continuum.

Huck has an admittedly vulgar attitude for a little boy and often does not speak in a way that the Widow Douglas approves of. He does try hard to obey her and act appropriately in church, but he often missteps and announces himself, through his actions and words, as a person who is far less civilized than he pretends to be, or than the Widow would like him to be.

Huck Finn tries to abide by the rules of society, but at the end of the day he acts based on emotions. He decides to rescue Jim from being returned to his master, even though it is against the law, because he believes that Jim does not deserve to be treated like a slave. Huck decides this on his own, in direct opposition to the values his society has taught him.

Huck’s external conflict relies on all of the events that take place on his journey down the river - the physical struggle of the trip, his mishaps along the way, getting caught up in various scandals and schemes, etc. His internal conflict reaches its climax when Huck decides to help Jim attain freedom from slavery. This is a crucial moment in the story where Huck follows his heart instead of his social conscience.

Using quotes from the text will increase your credibility as an author and will support your ideas more effectively.

For example, you might say the following: Huck Finn garners a significant new identity from being a raftsman. He insists, “It amounted to something being a raftsman on such a craft as that. " This shows the freedom and pride he associates with his raft.

Incorrect: “It amounted to something being a raftsman on such a craft as that. " Correct: He insists that “It amounted to something being a raftsman on such a craft as that. " Correct: “It amounted to something being a raftsman on such a craft as that,” Huck insists.