Classical moral theologians believed that a weekday Mass that was at least 30 minutes long conveyed respect and allowed congregants the chance to fully worship the Lord. If all elements of a weekday Mass are included, like preaching and prayer, services are typically between 25-35 minutes. Different priests may have their unique way of leading their congregations. Classical moral theologians generally agreed that a 15-minute Mass was too short and that this service should only be reduced to 20 minutes if absolutely necessary.

Introductory Rites: An opening service that prepares worshipers to receive “Jesus in the Word,” the presence of God, and the “Eucharist,” the symbolic blood and body of Christ that represents His sacrifice. Liturgy of the Word: A rite in which the priest helps congregants interpret, understand, and apply the Word of God. Liturgy of the Eucharist: A sacred tradition in which everyone in the church is symbolically transported to the “Last Supper”, when Jesus dined with His disciples, and “Mount Calvary”, where Christ was crucified. Concluding Rites: An ending service in which the priest dismisses congregants and sends them back out into the earthly world.

The priest usually won’t tell you when to stand or kneel, so keep your eye on the parishioners.

The parishioners join each other in song during the “Liturgy of the Word. " The priest or another worshiper sometimes sings during prayers and readings. These songs are usually specially chosen for that specific day and won’t be in the hymnal. Watch everyone else to see if they sing along and follow their lead.

The priest will guide you in interpreting and learning from hymns and missals during the “Liturgy of the Word. " The full text of the readings will usually be printed in the missal, along with the responses the congregation says aloud. Anytime you feel a little lost or unsure, it’s completely fine—just follow along by listening instead of focusing on the books.

In some countries or regions, such as Asia, a bow or nod is more acceptable during this event. Take note of how the other worshipers give their Exchange of Peace.

Catholics receive “Holy Communion” during the “Liturgy of the Eucharist. " In many English-speaking countries, non-Catholics can join the communion queue and receive a blessing rather than take the wafer and wine. Cross your arms in an X over your chest with your closed fists touching your shoulders as you reach the priest.

Some icons have candles before them. You can light a candle to pay homage to these important figures in the Catholic tradition.

For example, you can ask, “What do you use holy water for?” or “How do I become a Catholic?”

Arrive early and before Mass starts if you need to check in with someone or ask any questions. See if your church has any specific guidelines about talking once Mass begins.

If you want to freshen your breath or keep yourself awake, pop in a couple mints instead of chewing gum.

If you have to take an urgent phone call, walk out of the church first. Most churches have physical materials you can read rather than digital media you need to open on your phone.

You can begin teaching young children the importance of Mass by giving them special clothing or toys that are reserved for church days. Provide toys that won’t make a lot of noise. For example, give your kid a stuffed animal instead of a toy truck that makes sounds and flashes lights when you hit a button. If you have a child that might get a little chatty, sit in the pews at the back of the church so you can step outside if you need to.

To genuflect, go down on your right knee and lower yourself as far as you can. If you have any issues with your knees, it’s completely acceptable to bow instead.

If you’re bringing small children, a back pew works best. This allows you to make a quick escape with a talkative or playful kid.